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The hemp forms the family of the Cannabaceae (Cannabina-ceae), that is among the order of the Urticales, together with the hop. Recently, the family of the Cannabaceae was drawn in, and her/its/their types are put to the family of the Moraceae.

As original-area of the hemp, central-Asia is regarded, from where itself from him/it over the whole world, with exception of desert, tropics and polar-area, spread. Hemp is an one year old plant, that forms only one stems, that can reach a height of 2-7 meters according to kind and location and are branched more or less.

Hemp is a diözische (branch-bad-like) plant. The male plants (Femelhanf) are more weakly than the female (hemp-hen) ones, that are branched and more densely leafy, developed as well as later, ripen. Not rarely, sexual inter-forms (Intersexe) occur, that are hereditary. Female growth-forms with female and male blooms (feminine Monözisten) leave themselves it as well as. exclusively with male blooms (feminine males) and male growth-forms with female and male blooms (masculine Monözisten) as well as. exclusively female blooms (masculine females) distinguish.

From her/it 30 to 40 cm long, strongly verholzten, spindle-shaped taproot sets aside numerous, partly very powerful side-roots.

You/they gain a length of 200 cm and durchwurzeln until into a depth of 115 cm the ground, at good grounds also until 200 cm. Although the root-system appears powerfully, it is relatively weakly developed in the relationship into the size and the speed, with which the upper parts grow.

He/it becomes green, is verholzende stem with hair and glands in the age busy and has an angular form. The diameter amounts according to seed-density 6 until 60 mm. Originate in the Phloem (bast-part) through primary growth 15 until 35 fiber-bundles, that enclose the entire wood-part in one to two rows. The primary fiber-bundles pull through the whole shoot, while the secondary ones, that first later. is positioned, only until half the stem is enough and inferior is. The harvest at long-fiber-bundles as well up to 200 cm of length and consequently the profit at high-quality fiber-property therefore depends from the share of the primarily-fiber-bundles.

The langgestielten, tiefgefingerten leaves with dark-green waiter - and pale-green underside consists lanzettlichen leaf-fingers narrowly from 1 to 11, normally 5 until 9 toothed ones. Waiter and underside is with glands and hair busy.

The small inconspicuous inflorescences (Trugdolden as well as. Rispen) are in the shoulders of the upper foliage-leaves. The male blooms only consist of ever five hanging dust-leaves and just as many Hüllblättern. The female blooms possess a reduced Perianth (bloom-cover), that the upper-continuous one(s), from two fruit-leaves of formed ovaries basal cup-nicely surrounds. You/they are enclosed by a Tragblatt hood-nicely also with the maturity. Two long slate pencil-branches protrude from the Tragblatt. The dusting takes place through the wind.

The lonesome-y, upper-continuous one, roundish gestielte Schließfrucht is marked as nut. She/it is 2 to 6 mm long and has a diameter from 2 to 4 mm. He/it at both light and with darkness (tagneutral) of germinating seeds possesses a hook-nicely bent embryo, who earns the largest part of the seed.

Hemp grows the best in zones with restrained climate (13 to 22 degree Celsius), tolerates also higher or lower temperatures, however. Young plants tolerate easy night-frost of -3 to -5 degree Celsius. .

Hemp is suitable for the cultivation in the restrained zones, in the Mediterranean-area and in the subtropics (Körber-Grohne) been consequently 1988).

Meyer's encyclopedia from the year 1868 reports quite positively on this of German hemp: "In Germany, the hemp is built excellently in Baden, in the Rhine-level and in the Thälern of the black-forest. (...) Also in Westphalen, much and good hemp are built Hanover, Thuringia, Swabia and several areas of Germany, spun and processed to canvas." Even further in the north, hemp thrives: "The king-salvor hemp is from excellent kindliness (...), the ropes or nets manufactured from it don't rot, and for him/it therefore is very much looked."


(Quellen: Reuter 1987; Nova-Institut; Meyer´s; Hempro Int.)

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